This paper reviews the extended Cauchy model and the four-parameter model for describing the wavelength and temperature effects of liquid crystal (LC) refractive indices. The refractive indices of ...

The design of energy-efficient electrical machines requires the accurate estimation of iron loss. There are minor hysteresis loops in the case in which a flux density waveform includes higher ...

Besides attracting a billion dollar economy, Bitcoin revolutionized the field of digital currencies and influenced many adjacent areas. This also induced significant scientific interest. In this ...

A method is presented for automated segmentation of vessels in two-dimensional color images of the retina. This method can be used in computer analyses of retinal images, e.g., in automated screening ...

In this paper a strong Lyapunov function is obtained, for the first time, for the super twisting algorithm, an important class of second order sliding modes (SOSM). This algorithm is widely used in ...

Book Abstract: This advanced text and reference covers the design and implementation of integrated circuits for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion. It begins with basic concepts and ...

Active disturbance-rejection methods are effective in estimating and rejecting disturbances in both transient and steady-state responses. This paper presents a deep observation on and a comparison ...