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For Robert Jay Lifton, treating veterans’ trauma was an antiwar tool. How did PTSD, the diagnosis he helped create, come to accommodate state violence?

David S. Busch is the author of Disciplining Democracy: How the Modern American University Transformed Student Activism.

Robin Marie Averbeck, a historian and activist, teaches at California State University, Chico. She is author of Liberalism Is Not Enough: Race and Poverty in Postwar Critical Thought.